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系动词的分类及口诀有哪些

2021-10-24 14:15:57文/宋则贤

系动词就是将主语和对主语的说明部分联系起来,并对主语加以说明的词。以下是对英语系动词的归类及口诀的总结 ,大家一起来看看吧!

系动词的分类及口诀

系动词的简单介绍

系动词是动词的一种,本身有词义,不可单独作谓语,后面必须跟表语构成系表结构:

主语+系动词+形容词(作表语)修饰主语的状态。要注意的是:如果句子是一般现在时,当主语是第三人称单数时,动词要变成单三形式。

系动词的分类

1、感官动词

Feel, smell, sound, taste, touch

This flower smells very nice.

2、状态系动词,表主语状态,只有be

He is a teacher.

3、持续性动词,表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度

Keep, rest, remain, stay, lie

He always keeps silent at class.

4、变化系动词, 表示主语变成什么样

Become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run

He became fat in winter holiday.

其实很多系动词可以当系动词,也可以当实义动词,但用法有所不同。如:Look

Look at my hand 实义动词,看

She looks amazing.系动词

英语系动词用法口诀

1.我用am,你用are,is连着他,她,它;

单数名词用is,复数名词全用are。

am,is变was. be是原形老妈妈。

not靠后变否定; be跑句首去问它。

2.要想掌握Be(am,is and are)的用法,先分清第一人称、第二人称和第三人称:

第一人称单数I(我) 复数We(我们)

第二人称you(你、你们)

其余都是第三人称:单数she(她) 、 he (他)、 it (它) 复数they(他们)

3.there be+宾语+过去分词:

过去分词表示被动关系,同时表示动作已经发生:

There is nothing written on it. 上面没写东西。

There were ten people killed in the accident. 事故中有10人丧生。

有时过去分词也可表示一种状态(可转换成被动结构):

There were some old men seated (=who were seated) in the back. 有些老人坐在后面。

There is a red car parked (=which is parked) outside the house. 房子外边停着一辆红色汽车。

4.there be+名词+现在分词:

现在分词表示主动关系,同时表示动作正在进行:

There is someone waiting for him. 有人在等他。

There was a man standing in front of me. 我前面站着一个男人。

There were some children swimming in the river. 有些小孩在河里游泳。

There were a group of young people working in the fields. 有一群青年在地里劳动。

有时现在分词可表示一种状态:

There’s a piano standing against the wall. 靠墙有一架钢琴。

There’re a lot of difficulties facing us. 我们面前有很多困难。

There is a door leading to the garden. 有一座门通往花园。

有个别现在分词用于该结构时可以表示将来(正如它们可用进行时表示将来一样):

There are ten people coming to dinner. 有10个人来吃晚饭。

5.there be+宾语+不定式:

不定式通常表示动作尚未发生

There was nobody to look after the child. 没有人照顾这孩子。

There was a large crowd to send him off. 有一大群人要来给他送行。

There was so much to lose that we couldn’t take any risks. 可能会有很大的损失,因此我们不能冒险。

当其中的宾语与其后的不定式为被动关系时,可用主动表被动,也可用被动式:

There is much work to do [to be done]. 有许多工作要做。

有时其中的不定式为系表结构:

There is nothing to be afraid of. 没什么可怕的。

What was there to be afraid of. 有什么可怕的?

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