江苏南京2023届高三学情调查考试英语试题及答案

2023-05-05 09:31:38文/苏思楠

高三年级学情调查考试

英语试题（答案在最后）

本试卷共12页，满分120分。考试用时120分钟。

第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)

第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

1. How does the woman feel about the man’s idea?

A. Worried. B. Satisfied. C. Disappointed.

2. What does the man want to be?

A. A reporter. B. A lawyer. C. A designer.

3. Where are probably the speakers?

A. In the hotel. B. In the office. C. At the hairdresser’s.

4. How much does the man charge the woman at first?

A. $100. B. $1,050. C. $1,150.

5. Why does Steven refuse Mandy’s invitation?

A. He has to prepare for a game.

B. He failed to win a contest.

C. He dislikes doing sports.

第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6. Which movie are the speakers going to see?

A. Jaws. B. Saving Private Ryan. C. Jurassic Park.

7. How will the speakers go to the cinema?

A. By car. B. By subway. C. By bus.

听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。

8. Where are probably the speakers?

A. At home. B. In the office. C. In a store.

9. Which key is the man looking for?

A. His office key. B. His house key. C. His car key.

10. What will the man do next?

A. Attend a meeting.

B. Go to the kitchen.

C. Search for his bag.

听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。

11. Which of the following is the man’s favorite chocolate?

A. White chocolate.

B. Milk chocolate.

C. Dark chocolate.

12. Who brought cocoa powder to Europe?

A. The Indian. B. The Mexican. C. The Spanish.

13. What does the woman think of chocolate?

A. It’s quite tasty. B. It’s too bitter. C. It’s too sweet.

听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。

14. What does the man want to do at first?

A. Borrow something.

B. Ask for advice.

C. Make an invitation.

15. Why does the woman dress up today?

A. To attend a wedding.

B. To go to a party.

C. To go on a date.

16. What does the man say about the woman’s clothing?

A. It’s too formal. B. It’s a bit tight. C. It’s pretty.

17. What will the woman do in the end?

A. Try other clothes.

B. Date with the man.

C. Start to lose weight.

听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。

18. How do most people go to Glacier Bay National Park?

A. By car. B. By ship. C. By plane.

19. What can visitors do if they stay locally at a hotel?

A. Take a route from UnCruise.

B. Have a flightseeing trip.

C. Experience Alaska Adventure Sailing.

20. What do we know about Glacier Bay National Park?

A. It’s part of the World Heritage Site.

B. It’s home to more than 200 species of butterflies.

C. It’s the world’s second largest internationally protected area.

第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)

第一节(共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

Have you ever been really hungry, but there wasn’t much to eat in your kitchen? Did you throw together a bunch of stuff you had on hand and were pleasantly surprised when it tasted good? You aren’t alone. Some of our favorite foods were created by accident. Here’s a sample menu of some familiar foods that never would have happened if someone hadn’t created them by mistake.

POTATO CHIPS

One of the world’s favorite snacks is the result of a complaint. In 1853, a man was eating dinner at Moon’s Lake House in Saratoga Springs, New York. He ordered fried potatoes, a popular side dish. But when they came out of the kitchen, he didn’t think they were crispy enough. He sent them back to the kitchen, where Chef George Crum was so angry at having his cooking criticized that he sliced the potatoes really thin, put lots of salt on them, and fried them. Not only did the diner love them, but everyone else did, too. They soon became a specialty of the restaurant.

TOFU

Tofu, or bean curd, is made by curdling (使凝结) fresh soya milk, pressing it into a solid block, and then cooling it. Tofu was accidentally invented in China 2,000 years ago, when a cook added seaweed to soya milk, which made it curdle. This is the same process that is used for making cheese. Like cheese, tofu is a great example of how really messing up a recipe can create something unexpectedly good.

CHEESE PUFFS

Did you ever wonder who thought up cheese puffs? The company that invented them wasn’t even trying to make food for people. It was trying to make animal feed. In the 1930s, the Flakall Company of Wisconsin made animal food from small, flaked pieces of grain. One day, an employee, Edward Wilson, watched workers pouring cornmeal (谷粉) into the flaking machine, wetting it to keep it from clogging (堵塞). Because the machine was very hot, the wet cornmeal came out of it in puffy ribbons that hardened when they hit the air. Wilson took some of the ribbons home, added oil and flavoring to them, and voila! Cheese puffs!

1. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Seaweed is also used for making cheese.

B. Chef George Crum didn’t like to criticize others’ cooking.

C. Hot wet cornmeal hardened when they hit the air.

D. Bean curd dates back 2000 years in China .

2. What do the three foods have in common?

A. They are the results of complaints.

B. They were not created on purpose.

C. They weren’t originally made for people.

D. They are all popular throughout the world.

3. What’s the purpose of the text?

A. To compare the features of some foods.

B. To inform readers of some foods.

C. To recommend some foods .

D. To introduce the origins of some foods.

【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了三种食物的起源，它们都是被偶然创造出来的。

【1题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Tofu was accidentally invented in China 2,000 years ago, when a cook added seaweed to soya milk, which made it curdle. This is the same process that is used for making cheese.(豆腐是2000年前偶然在中国发明的，当时一位厨师在豆浆中加入海藻，使豆浆凝结。这和制作奶酪的过程是一样的。)”可知，海藻也可以用来制作奶酪。故选A项。

【2题详解】

细节理题。根据文章第一段“Some of our favorite foods were created by accident. Here’s a sample menu of some familiar foods that never would have happened if someone hadn’t created them by mistake.(我们最喜欢的一些食物是偶然创造出来的。以下是一些常见食物的菜单样本，如果不是有人错误地创造了它们，这些食物就不会出现。)”可知，这三种食物的共同点是：它们不是故意被创造出来的。故选B项。

【3题详解】

推理判断题。分析全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了三种食物的历史渊源，而且它们都是被偶然创造出来的，所以这篇文章的目的是为了介绍一些食物的起源。故选D项。

Some of my earliest memories involve sitting with my dad in his study every night when he came home from the office. I’d watch as he put his personal items away: his watch, wallet, comb and car keys. They would always occupy the same spot on the table every time.

Dad’s comb was jade green. I heard he bought it when he married Mum. Every night, he would smile, hand me the comb and say, “Be a good girl and help Daddy clean it, OK?”

I was more than happy to do it. At age five, this kind of task brought me such joy. I would excitedly turn the tap on, and then brush the comb with a used toothbrush as hard as I could. Satisfied that I’d done a good job, I would proudly return the comb to Dad. He would smile at me, and place the comb on top of his wallet.

About two years later, Dad left his sales job and started his own wholesale business. I started primary school. That was when things started to change. Dad’s business wasn’t doing so well, and our stable life started getting shaky. He didn’t come home as much as he used to. And when he did come home, it was always late and I’d already be in bed. I started to get mad. Why didn’t he listen to Mum and just stick to his old job? Why take the risk and place the whole family in trouble? Over the years, I stopped waiting for him to come home, and stopped going downstairs to check on him.

Now 28, I’ve graduated from college and got a job. Dad’s business has also started to get back on track. Yet the uncomfortable silence between Dad and me went on.

Two days before my birthday last year, Dad came home early. On that evening, I helped him carry his bags into his study as usual. When I turned to leave, he asked me to clean his comb. I looked at him for a while, then took the comb and headed to the sink.

It was a new comb. This one was brown. I hadn’t noticed that he’d changed it. After cleaning it, I passed it back to Dad. He looked at it and smiled. But this time, I noticed something different. My dad had aged. He had wrinkles next to his eyes when he smiled, yet his smile was still as heartwarming as before.

4. From the first three paragraphs, we can learn ________.

A. the precious green comb of Dad was made of jade

B. the earliest memories with Dad were full of joy

C. the author wasn’t willing to clean the comb for Dad

D. the author would study together with Dad every evening

5. What probably made Dad decide to resign from his original job to start his own business?

A. That he was fired and had to make a living.

B. That he was eager to get everything on track.

C. That he hoped to earn a better life for the family.

D. That he wanted to keep the life for his family stable.

6. What emotional changes did the author experience when staying with Dad these years?

A. mad → satisfied → warm

B. satisfied → worried → angry

C. warm → concerned → uncomfortable

D. cheerful → mad→ warm

7. What could be the best title for the text?

A. Evenings with Dad

B. A Comb of Jade Green

C. My Earliest Memories with Dad

D. Dad’s Sales Job & His Wholesale Business

【答案】4. B 5. C 6. D 7. A

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者小时候很喜欢等父亲下班，与爸爸共度夜晚，帮父亲清理他的梳子。但是后来父亲自己创业，初期艰难，便不那么经常回家了，和作者之间的夜间亲子互动也少了很多。作者对此心怀怨念。在作者28岁生日的那天晚上，父亲和作者进行了很久以前的夜间亲子互动活动“给爸爸洗梳子”，解开了心结。

【4题详解】

推理判断题。由第一段中的“Some of my earliest memories involve sitting with my dad in his study every night when he came home from the office. (我最早的记忆包括每天晚上爸爸从办公室回家时，和他坐在书房里)”，第二段中的“Every night, he would smile, hand me the comb and say, “Be a good girl and help Daddy clean it, OK?”(每天晚上，他都会笑着把梳子递给我，说：“做个好女孩，帮爸爸清洗它，好吗？”)”和第三段中的“I was more than happy to do it. At age five, this kind of task brought me such joy. (我非常乐意做这件事。在我五岁的时候，这种任务给我带来了极大的快乐)”可得出，作者与爸爸最早的回忆充满了喜悦。故选B项。

【5题详解】

推理判断题。由第四段中的“About two years later, Dad left his sales job and started his own wholesale business. (大约两年后，爸爸离开了他的销售工作，开始了自己的批发事业)”，“Dad’s business wasn’t doing so well, and our stable life started getting shaky. (爸爸的生意做得不太好，我们的稳定生活开始动摇)”和“Why didn’t he listen to Mum and just stick to his old job? Why take the risk and place the whole family in trouble? (为什么他不听妈妈的话，只做他以前的工作？为什么要冒这个险，让全家陷入困境？)”可知，爸爸放弃稳定生活，承担风险去创业，应该是希望为这个家庭创造更好的生活。故选C项。

【6题详解】

推理判断题。由第三段中的“I was more than happy to do it. At age five, this kind of task brought me such joy. (我非常乐意做这件事。在我五岁的时候，这种任务给我带来了极大的快乐)”可得出，作者与爸爸最早的回忆充满了喜悦；由第四段中的“I started to get mad. Why didn’t he listen to Mum and just stick to his old job? Why take the risk and place the whole family in trouble? (我开始生气了。为什么他不听妈妈的话，只做他以前的工作？为什么要冒这个险，让全家陷入困境？)”和第五段中的“Yet the uncomfortable silence between Dad and me went on. (然而，爸爸和我之间令人不安的沉默还在继续)”可得出，作者对爸爸的行为感到生气，二人关系很僵；由最后一段中的“After cleaning it, I passed it back to Dad. He looked at it and smiled. But this time, I noticed something different. My dad had aged. He had wrinkles next to his eyes when he smiled, yet his smile was still as heartwarming as before. (洗完后，我把它递给了爸爸。他看着它，笑了。但这一次，我注意到了一些不同的东西。我爸爸已经老了。当他微笑时，眼睛旁边有皱纹，但他的笑容仍然像以前一样温暖人心)”可得出，作者和爸爸解开心结，作者感到温暖；这些年来，作者与父亲在一起时经历了“快乐的→生气的→温暖的”的情感变化。故选D项。

7题详解】

主旨大意题。由第一段中的“Some of my earliest memories involve sitting with my dad in his study every night when he came home from the office. (我最早的记忆包括每天晚上爸爸从办公室回家时，和他坐在书房里)”，第四段中的“And when he did come home, it was always late and I’d already be in bed. I started to get mad. (他不像以前那样经常回家。当他回家时，总是很晚，我已经在床上了。我开始生气了)”，倒数第二段中的“On that evening, I helped him carry his bags into his study as usual. When I turned to leave, he asked me to clean his comb. (那天晚上，我像往常一样帮他把包搬进书房。当我转身离开时，他让我帮他擦梳子)”和最后一段中的“After cleaning it, I passed it back to Dad. He looked at it and smiled. But this time, I noticed something different. My dad had aged. He had wrinkles next to his eyes when he smiled, yet his smile was still as heartwarming as before. (洗完后，我把它递给了爸爸。他看着它，笑了。但这一次，我注意到了一些不同的东西。我爸爸已经老了。当他微笑时，眼睛旁边有皱纹，但他的笑容仍然像以前一样温暖人心)”可知，本文讲述了作者小时候很喜欢等父亲下班，与爸爸共度夜晚，帮父亲清理他的梳子。但是后来父亲自己创业，初期艰难，便不那么经常回家了，和作者之间的夜间亲子互动也少了很多。作者对此心怀怨念。在作者28岁生日的那天晚上，父亲和作者进行了很久以前的夜间亲子互动活动“给父亲洗梳子”，解开了心结，全文都以“与爸爸共度夜晚”为线索展开故事，“与爸爸共度夜晚”应为最佳标题。故选A项。

Being highly connected to a strong social network has its benefits. Now a new study is showing the same goes for trees, thanks to their underground neighbors. The study is the first to show that the growth of adult trees is linked to their participation in fungal (真菌) networks living in the forest soil. Though past research has focused on young trees, these findings give new insight into the importance of fungal networks to older trees — which are more environmentally beneficial for functions like capturing carbon.

“Large trees make up the main part of the forest, so they drive what the forest is doing,” said researcher Joseph Birch, who led the study. When they live in the forest soil, fungal networks act as a sort of highway, allowing water, nutrients and compounds to flow back and forth among the trees. The network also helps nutrients flow to resource-limited trees like family units that support one another in times of stress.

Cores taken from 350 Douglas firs (花旗松) showed that annual tree ring growth was related to the extent of fungal connections a tree had with other trees. They had much higher growth than those that had only a few connections. The research also showed that trees with more connections to many unique fungi had much greater growth than those with only one or two connections. “If you have this network that is helping trees grow faster, that helps capture more carbon year after year. These networks may help trees grow more steadily even as conditions become more stressful, and could even help protect them against death.” said Birch.

Birch hopes his findings lead to further studies in different kinds of forests in other geographical areas, because it’s likely that the connections among trees change from year to year. He said, “Knowing whether fungal networks are operating the same way in other tree species could inform how we reforest areas after harvesting them, and inform how we plant trees to preserve these networks.”

8. In what way do the new findings differ from the previous ones?

A. They reveal the value of fungal networks to adult trees.

B. They clarify misunderstandings of fungal networks.

C. They demonstrate a new way to capture carbon.

D. They confirm the benefits of fungal networks.

9. How do fungal networks help trees?

A. By acting as the center of family units.

B. By maintaining the balance of resources.

C. By fighting against diseases.

D. By bettering forest soil conditions.

10. What does the underlined “those” refer to in Paragraph 3?

A. Tree rings.

B. Cores from Douglas firs.

C. Douglas firs.

D. Fungal networks.

11. What can be inferred from what Joseph Birch has put?

A. The fungal networks support one another in times of stress.

B. The fungal networks enable us to know more about reforestation.

C. The findings can apply to different kinds of forests in other geographical areas.

D. The fungal networks will help trees grow more steadily if conditions become more stressful.

【答案】8. A 9. B 10. C 11. B

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了阿尔伯塔大学的一项新研究发现，强大的社会网络对树木也是有好处的，森林土壤中的真菌网络给树木的生长提供了有利的条件。

【8题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段的“The study is the first to show that the growth of adult trees is linked to their participation in fungal (真菌) networks living in the forest soil. Though past research has focused on young trees, these findings give new insight into the importance of fungal networks to older trees — which are more environmentally beneficial for functions like capturing carbon.(这项研究首次表明，成年树木的生长与它们参与的生活在森林土壤中的真菌网络有关。尽管过去的研究主要集中在幼树上，但这些发现为了解真菌网络对更老的树木的重要性提供了新的见解，因为老树对碳捕获等功能更具环境效益)”可知，新的研究关注成年树木，而之前的发现关注的是幼树。所以新发现与之前的发现的不同之处在于，新发现揭示了真菌网络对成年树木的价值。故选A。

【9题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段的“When they live in the forest soil, fungal networks act as a sort of highway, allowing water, nutrients and compounds to flow back and forth among the trees. The network also helps nutrients flow to resource-limited trees like family units that support one another in times of stress.(当它们生活在森林土壤中时，真菌网络就像一条高速公路，让水、养分和化合物在树木之间来回流动。该网络还帮助养分流向资源有限的树木，就像家庭单位一样在压力下相互支持)”可知，真菌网络通过保持资源平衡的方式来帮助树木。故选B。

【10题详解】

词句猜测题。根据第三段的“Cores taken from 350 Douglas firs showed that annual tree ring growth was related to the extent of fungal connections a tree had with other trees. They had much higher growth than those that had only a few connections.(从350株道格拉斯花旗松中提取的核心表明，年轮生长与树木与其他树木的真菌联系程度有关。它们的生长程度远远高于那些只有少数联系的树木)”可知，本段以道格拉斯花旗松为例，说明年轮生长和树木之间的真菌联系程度有关。由此猜测，those指代上文提到的“道格拉斯花旗松”。故选C。

【11题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段的“He said, “Knowing whether fungal networks are operating the same way in other tree species could factor into how we reforest areas after harvesting them, and it could inform how we want to plant trees to preserve these networks.”(他说：“了解真菌网络在其他树种中是否以同样的方式运作，可以影响我们在采伐后如何重新造林，也可以告诉我们如何种植树木来保护这些网络。”)”可知，研究可以影响采伐后如何重新造林。由此推知Joseph Birch的话表明，真菌网络使我们能够更多地了解植树造林。故选B。

With no special equipment, no fences and no watering, two abandoned agricultural fields in the UK have been rewilded (重新野化), in large part due to the efforts of jays, which actually “engineered” these new woodlands. Researchers now hope that rewilding projects can take a more natural and hands-off approach and that jays can shed some of their bad reputations.

The two fields, which researchers have called the New Wilderness and the Old Wilderness, had been abandoned in 1996 and 1961 respectively. The former was a bare field, while the latter was grassland—both lay next to ancient woodlands. Researchers had suspected that the fields would gradually return to wilderness, but it was impressive to see just how quickly this happened, and how much of it was owed to birds.

Using aerial data, the researchers monitored the two sites. After just 24 years, the New Wilderness had grown into a young, healthy wood with 132 live trees per hectare, over half of which (57%) were oaks. Meanwhile, the Old Wilderness resembled a mature woodland after 39 years, with 390 trees per hectare.

“This native woodland restoration was approaching the structure (but not the species composition) of long-established woodlands within six decades” the researchers explained in the study.

Part of this reforestation was done by the wind, and researchers suspect that previous ground disturbance may have aided the woodland establishment—which is good news, as it would suggest that agricultural areas may be reforested faster than anticipated. However, animals—Eurasian jays, thrushes, wood mice, and squirrels—also played an important role in helping the forests take shape. This handful of species provided much of the natural regeneration needed for the forest to develop. Jays, in particular, seem to have done a lot of heavy lifting.

12. What does the underlined word “shed” in Paragraph 1 refer to?

A. Be opposed to.

B. Be ashamed of.

C. Get used to.

D. Get rid of.

13. Which aspect of the changes in the two fields impressed the researchers?

A. The scale of the woodlands.

B The diversity of the fields.

C. The rate of the changes.

D. The frequency of the wilderness.

14. What does the author want to tell us by providing some data in Paragragh 3?

A. The woodland restoration was approaching the structure of long-established ones.

B. Much of the wilderness of the fields was owed to birds.

C. Previous ground disturbance aided the woodland establishment.

D. How quickly the fields returned to wilderness over time.

15. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?

A. The essential role of humans in the reforestation.

B. The factors that contribute to the reforestation.

C. The importance of woodland establishment.

D. The threats faced by a handful of wild animals.

【答案】12. D 13. C 14. D 15. B

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过研究、检测英国的两块废弃农田被重新野生化的过程，得出结论，重新造林速度比预期要快，并且该过程有了风力和一些为数不多的物种的帮助后，能够加速大自然的更新。

【12题详解】

词义猜测题。根据文章第一段“With no special equipment, no fences and no watering, two abandoned agricultural fields in the UK have been rewilded (重新野化), in large part due to the efforts of jays, (在没有特殊设备、没有围栏、没有浇水的情况下，英国的两块废弃农田被重新野生化，这在很大程度上要归功于松鸦的努力。)”以及后文“some of their bad reputations(一些坏名声)”可知，松鸦本来是有着坏名声的鸟类，但却帮助两块废弃农田重新野生化。所以是摆脱了坏名声。故选D项。

【13题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第二段“it was impressive to see just how quickly this happened (但令人印象深刻的是，这一切发生得如此之快。)”可知，工作人员认为废弃农田重新野生化的速度非常令人印象深刻。故选C项。

【14题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章第三段“After just 24 years, the New Wilderness had grown into a young, healthy wood with 132 live trees per hectare, over half of which (57%) were oaks. Meanwhile, the Old Wilderness resembled a mature woodland after 39 years, with 390 trees per hectare. (仅仅24年之后，新荒野就长成了一棵年轻、健康的树林，每公顷有132棵活树，其中超过一半(57%)是橡树。与此同时，老荒野在39年后变成了一个成熟的林地，每公顷有390棵树。)”可知，作者进行了数据的对比，表示仅仅24年，新荒野就变成了树林，而39年后，老荒野就成了成熟的林地。由此可知，作者展示大量数据是为了告诉我们废田地重新野生化能有多快。故选D项。

【15题详解】

主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Part of this reforestation was done by the wind, (部分重新造林是由风完成的。)”、“However, animals—Eurasian jays, thrushes, wood mice, and squirrels—also played an important role in helping the forests take shape.(然而，欧亚松鸦、鸫鸟、木鼠和松鼠等动物也在帮助森林形成中发挥了重要作用。)”以及“Jays, in particular, seem to have done a lot of heavy lifting.(尤其是松鸦，它们似乎做了很多繁重的工作。)”可知，风力、松鸦、木鼠等动物在重新造林中发挥了重要的作用。由此可知，作者最后一段是在列举帮助重新造林的各项因素。故选B项。

第二节(共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

The Spotlight Effect

Have you ever felt as if the entire world was watching while you made a mistake? Well, here’s some good news: it’s likely that no one even noticed.

____16____We have this experience not only when we make mistakes but also when we perform well. Every time we do something that is a little different from what we usually do, we may assume that everyone around us will notice. The spotlight effect might happen when we make a mistake in a game, have a bad hair day, or give a terrible answer in class.____17____In these moments, it feels like everyone is watching.

The spotlight effect exists because we all get used to seeing things through our own eyes. Every person is the main character in his or her story, and the events of our lives seem to have great importance.____18____

The spotlight effect is a very common part of the human experience. However, in some cases, it can lead to extreme social anxiety and nervousness around other people. Everyone suffers some degree of social anxiety. We all care about what others think, and we all want to be liked. It’s normal to wonder about what effect we have on other people.____19____If someone is so nervous that they can’t make good decisions, then it’s time to take action and improve the situation.

Learning about the spotlight effect is important because it can help us reduce our anxiety. Next time you feel like everyone is staring at you, remind yourself that it’s just your mind playing tricks on you. ____20____If you fill your mind with thoughts of your friends and family, it will help you be less self-conscious.

A. However, this can be a problem when the anxiety is too much to handle.

B That’s why fewer people notice the embarrassing circumstances they encounter.

C. Another good exercise is to make an effort to notice the people around you, rather than focusing on yourself.

D. The spotlight effect is a trick of the mind that makes us believe that people notice us more often than they really do.

E. What you can do at this moment is to ignore them.

F. We are so busy examining ourselves that we actually observe very little about everyone around us.

G. It can also appear when we score a big goal, ask someone on a date, or do a good deed.

【答案】16. D 17. G 18. F 19. A 20. C

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了聚光灯效应的概念、成因和作用。

【16题详解】

由标题“The Spotlight Effect (聚光灯效应)”，第一段“Have you ever felt as if the entire world was watching while you made a mistake? Well, here’s some good news: it’s likely that no one even noticed. (当你犯错误时，你有没有觉得整个世界都在注视着你？好吧，这里有一些好消息：很可能没有人注意到)”和下文“We have this experience not only when we make mistakes but also when we perform well. Every time we do something that is a little different from what we usually do, we may assume that everyone around us will notice. (我们不仅在犯错时，而且在表现出色时都有这种经历。每次我们做一些与平时稍有不同的事情时，我们都会认为周围的人都会注意到)”可知，上下文讲聚光灯效应出现的场合，当人们出错时，人们总觉得会被周围的许多人注意到，但事实真相是：很可能没有人注意到你的行为，说明聚光灯效应只是一种心理作用，是人们自己认为会被注意到的一种现象，可得出D选项“聚光灯效应是一种大脑欺骗我们的手段，让我们误以为别人注意到我们的次数比实际情况更多。”切题，呼应最后一段“Next time you feel like everyone is staring at you, remind yourself that it’s just your mind playing tricks on you. (下次当你觉得每个人都盯着你看的时候，提醒自己这只是你的大脑在捉弄你)”。故选D项。

【17题详解】

G选项“当我们取得一个大的目标，约某人约会或做一件好事时，它也会出现。”承接上文“The spotlight effect might happen when we make a mistake in a game, have a bad hair day, or give a terrible answer in class. (聚光灯效应可能发生在我们在比赛中犯错、头发糟糕或在课堂上给出糟糕的答案时)”讲聚光灯效应出现场合的具体事例。故选G项。

【18题详解】

由上文“Every person is the main character in his or her story, and the events of our lives seem to have great importance. (每个人都是他或她的故事中的主角，我们生活中的事件似乎很重要)”可知，人们很关注自己和自己身上发生的事情，该空与上文是因果关系，F选项“我们忙于审视自己，实际上很少观察周围的人。”承接上文讲因为人们更多得关注自己，所以很少注意周围的人。故选F项。

【19题详解】

A选项“然而，当焦虑太多而无法处理时，这可能是一个问题。”与上文“Everyone suffers some degree of social anxiety. We all care about what others think, and we all want to be liked. It’s normal to wonder about what effect we have on other people. (每个人都有一定程度的社交焦虑。我们都关心别人的想法，我们都想被人喜欢。想知道我们对其他人有什么影响是正常的)”讲“拥有一定程度的社交焦虑是正常现象”形成转折，引出焦虑太多会成问题的事实，衔接下文“If someone is so nervous that they can’t make good decisions, then it’s time to take action and improve the situation. (如果有人过于紧张，无法做出正确的决定，那么是时候采取行动改善这种情况了)”讲针对这种情况要采取措施的内容。故选A项。

【20题详解】

C选项“另一个好的练习是努力去注意你周围的人，而不是专注于你自己。”承接上文“Next time you feel like everyone is staring at you, remind yourself that it’s just your mind playing tricks on you. (下次当你觉得每个人都盯着你看的时候，提醒自己这只是你的大脑在捉弄你)”讲克服聚光灯效应的具体策略。故选C项。

第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)

第一节(共15小题; 每小题1分，满分15分)

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

One summer night, my friends and I stole into the Jordans’ backyard and started harvesting their sweet, juicy raspberries (树莓). We were enjoying every bite of the tasty berries___21___Mr Jordan came charging outside all of a sudden.

“What are you boys doing out here?” he yelled as my friends ran off___22___all directions. He attempted to catch one or two as they rushed past him, but they were too___23___for the older gentleman to catch. Within seconds, the boys___24___into the dark of the summer night. All except me.

However, speed was never my___25___. I took the tongue-lashing(痛骂) that Mr Jordan gave me as he marched me down the block to my house, where my mother took over and scolded me___26___. My friends said they could hear every___27___word she spoke from the darkness of our backyard, where they had gathered to___28___their escape and to observe my capture.

They teased me about it for days afterwards, while all I could do was complain about how___29___it was that I was the only one who had to pay the price. After about a week of this, I complained to my father about the inequality of the situation. Dad said, “You took raspberries without____30____, and you get exactly the punishment you deserved.”

“But what about the other guys?” I asked. “They didn’t get punished at all!”

“That’s not my concern nor should it be yours,” Dad said. “You can’t____31____what happens to others. You can only____32____what happens to you. You made a bad choice that night, and you were punished for it.”

____33____the duration of the following years, I come to realize there is no guarantee that life will treat us fairly. That’s why we can’t____34____comparing our lives with the lives of others. Like Dad said, that isn’t our____35____.

21. A. before B. while C. when D. after

22. A. towards B. in C. at D. from

23. A. smart B. foxy C. swift D. intelligent

24. A. hid B. marched C. hurried D. disappeared

25. A. strength B. power C. intention D. option

26. A. cruelly B. bitterly C. mercilessly D. pitifully

27. A. colorful B. offensive C. violent D. creative

28. A. negotiate B. celebrate C. plot D. congratulate

29. A. unhappy B. frustrating C. disappointing D. unfair

30. A. thinking B. warning C. asking D. informing

31. A. control B. predict C. accept D. explain

32. A. put up with B. get away with C. agree with D. deal with

33. A. In B. For C. Through D. Since

34. A. get stuck in B. get engaged in C. be involved in D. be buried in

35. A. problem B. complaint C. concern D. choice

【答案】21. C 22. B 23. C 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. A 28. B 29. D 30. C 31. A 32. D 33. B 34. A 35. C

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。短文叙述了作者和伙伴们偷树莓，但是唯独作者被抓到，并受到了惩罚由此引起作者对生活的感悟。

【21题详解】

考查连词词义辨析。句意：。我们正津津有味地吃着美味的浆果，突然乔丹先生冲了出来。A. before在……之前；B. while当……时候，正在那时；C. when当……时候；D. after在……之后。be doing sth when……“正在做某事正在那时”为固定句型。故选C项。

【22题详解】

考查介词词义辨析。句意：“你们在外面干什么?”我的朋友们朝四面八方跑去时，他喊道。A. towards向；B. in在……里；C. at在（表示存在或出现的地点、场所、位置、空间）；D. from来自。根据下文“He attempted to catch one or two”可知，作者的朋友们朝四面八方跑去。in all directions“四面八方”。故选B项。

【23题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当它们从他身边冲过时，他试图抓住其中一两个，但他们跑得太快了，老先生没能抓住。A. smart聪明的；B. foxy狡猾的；C. swift敏捷的；D. intelligent聪明的。根据下文“Within seconds, the boys ___4___ into the dark of the summer night.”可知，他们跑得太快了。故选C项。

【24题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：几秒钟后，男孩们消失在夏夜的黑暗中。A. hid隐藏；B. marched前进；C. hurried匆匆；D. disappeared消失。根据上文“but they were too ___3___ for the older gentleman to catch.”可知，男孩们消失在夏夜的黑暗中。故选D项。

【25题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，速度从来都不是我的强项。A. strength力气，优势；B. power力量；C. intention 意图；D. option选择。根据上文“All except me”可知，速度从来都不是作者的强项。故选A项。

【26题详解】

考查副词词义辨析。句意：我挨了乔丹先生的一顿臭骂，他带着我穿过街区回到了我的家，母亲接过了我的手，愤怒地骂了我一顿。A. cruelly残忍地；B. bitterly愤怒地，痛苦地；C. mercilessly残忍地；D. pitifully可怜地。根据上文“I took the tongue-lashing(痛骂)”可知，作者挨了乔丹先生的一顿臭骂，妈妈也愤怒地骂了作者。故选B项。

【27题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的朋友们说，他们能在我们后院的黑暗中听到她说的每一个精彩的词，他们聚集在那里庆祝他们的逃脱，并观看我被捕。A. colorful丰富多彩的；B. offensive无礼的；C. violent暴力的；D. creative有创造力的。根据上文“where my mother took over and scolded me ___6___”可知，他们能在我们后院的黑暗中听到妈妈说的每一个精彩的词，colorful丰富多彩的，这是朋友们的一种戏谑的说法。故选A项。

【28题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的朋友们说，他们能在我们后院的黑暗中听到她说的每一个精彩的词，他们聚集在那里庆祝他们的逃脱，并观看我被捕。A. negotiate协商；B. celebrate庆祝；C. plot密谋；D. congratulate祝贺。根据上文可知，所有的朋友头逃跑了，所以他们聚集在那里庆祝他们的逃脱。故选B项。

【29题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：后来他们拿这件事取笑了我好几天，而我能做的就是抱怨这是多么不公平，我是唯一一个要为此付出代价的人。A. unhappy不快乐的；B. frustrating令人沮丧的； C. disappointing令人失望的；D. unfair不公平的。根据下文“I was the only one who had to pay the price.”可知，我能做的就是抱怨这是多么不公平。故选D项。

【30题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：爸爸说:“你没问就拿了树莓，你得到了你应得的惩罚。”A. thinking思考；B. warning警告；C. asking问； D. informing告知。根据上文“my friends and I stole into the Jordans’ backyard”可知，作者是偷了树莓，所以没问就拿了树莓。故选C项。

【31题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：你无法控制发生在别人身上的事。A. control控制；B. predict预测；C. accept 接受；D. explain解释。根据常识以及只有作者被惩罚而其他人逃脱了可知，你无法控制发生在别人身上的事。故选A项。

【32题详解】

考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：你只能处理发生在你身上的事情。A. put up with忍受；B. get away with侥幸成功；C. agree with同意；D. deal with处理。根据上文“you get exactly the punishment you deserved.”可知，你只能处理发生在你身上的事情。故选D项。

【33题详解】

考查介词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的几年里，我逐渐意识到生活不一定会公平对待我们。A. In在……里；B. For因为，（表示时间）持续；C. Through通过； D. Since自从。根据“the duration of the following years”可知，for+一段时间。故选B项。

34题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：这就是为什么我们不能执着于把自己的生活和别人的生活进行比较。A. get stuck in下定决心做；B. get engaged in参与；C. be involved in参与；D. be buried in专心于。根据上文“After about a week of this, I complained to my father about the inequality of the situation. Dad said, “You took raspberries without ___10___ , and you get exactly the punishment you deserved.”“But what about the other guys?” I asked. “They didn’t get punished at all!”以及作者的感悟可知，这就是为什么我们不能执着于把自己的生活和别人的生活进行比较故选A项。

【35题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：就像爸爸说的，那不是我们关心的事。A. problem问题；B. complaint抱怨；C. concern关心；D. choice选择。根据上文“That’s not my concern nor should it be yours”可知，就像爸爸说的，那不是我们关心的事。故选C项。

第二节(共10小题; 每小题1.5分，满分15分)

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The governments of Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang____36____(joint) released a guideline on Thursday, which facilitates the high-quality development of the Yangtze River Delta region. It is the second set of policies the governments____37____(introduce) to advance the integrated development of the region.

____38____(feature) 17 detailed measures, the newly introduced guideline touches upon 10 major areas of interest, including technological innovation, revitalizing and exploring models to realize common prosperity. Qingpu district in southwest Shanghai, Wujiang district in Suzhou of Jiangsu and Jiashan county in northeast Zhejiang____39____(receive) support in building cross-regional high-tech development zones soon. The integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta region was updated ____40____ a national strategy in November 2018 to serve China’s____41____(deep) reform and opening-up. The first set of 22 polices to address this strategy was introduced in July 2020.

Over the past two years, a total of 88____42____(system) innovations have been shaped in the region, of____43____38 have been promoted nationwide. More than 100 key development projects have been launched here. The local governments have set up____44____10 - billion - yuan ($1.4 billion) special fiscal fund to better implement the strategy. Another 38.2 million yuan in fiscal budgets has been provided to support ____45____(company) technological innovation.

【答案】36. jointly

37. have introduced

38. Featuring

39. will receive

40. as 41. deepened

42. systematic

43. which 44. a

45. companies’

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍上海、江苏、浙江三地政府周四联合发布的促进长三角地区高质量发展的指导意见，包括其涉及的区域和领域。

【36题详解】

考查副词。句意：上海、江苏、浙江三地政府周四联合发布了促进长三角地区高质量发展的指导意见。修饰动词released应用所给词的副词形式，作状语。故填jointly。

【37题详解】

考查时态。句意：这是各级政府为促进区域一体化发展而出台的第二套政策。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，强调过去动作对现在造成的影响，即“政策已经出台”，应用现在完成时，主语governments是复数，助动词用have。故填have introduced。

【38题详解】

考查非谓语动词。句意：新出台的指导方针包括17项具体措施，涉及10个主要关注领域，包括技术创新、振兴和探索实现共同繁荣的模式。句子已有谓语动词touches且无连词，故空处应用非谓语动词，逻辑主语guideline与feature之间为主动关系，应用现在分词。故填Featuring。

【39题详解】

考查时态。句意：上海西南部的青浦区、江苏苏州的吴江区和浙江东北部的嘉善县将很快获得建设跨区域高新技术开发区的支持。空处为句子谓语动词，结合语境和时间状语soon判断，此处用一般将来时。故填will receive。

【40题详解】

考查介词。句意：2018年11月，长江三角洲地区一体化发展被更新为国家战略，为中国深化改革开放服务。结合句意和句子结构，表示“作为”应用介词as。故填as。

【41题详解】

考查形容词。句意同上。修饰名词词组reform and opening-up应用形容词作定语，它和动词deepen之间为被动关系，故过去分词转化的形容词deepened“深化的”符合题意。故填deepened。

【42题详解】

考查形容词。句意：过去两年，该地区共形成88项系统创新，其中38项已在全国推广。修饰名词innovations应用所给词的形容词形式，systematic“系统的”符合题意。故填systematic。

【43题详解】

考查非限制性定语从句。句意同上。空处和of构成“介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是innovations，作介词of的宾语，应用关系代词which。故填which。

【44题详解】

考查冠词。句意：地方政府设立了100亿元（14亿美元）的特别财政基金，以更好地实施这一战略。fund“基金”是可数名词，此处为泛指，应用不定冠词修饰，且10 - billion - yuan的发音是辅音音素开头。故填a。

【45题详解】

考查名词所有格。句意：财政预算另有3820万元用于支持企业技术创新。company“公司，企业”是可数名词，空前无修饰词，此处用复数形式companies表泛指，又此处要修饰名词词组 technological innovation表示“企业的”，故应用名词复数的所有格。故填companies’。

第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)

第一节(满分15分)

46. 假设你是李华，最近你要参加主题为“My Dream University”的英语演讲比赛。你的外国好友Jack经常参加各种大型比赛，比赛经验非常丰富。赛前你向他寻求意见，请根据以下要点写一封邮件，内容包括：

1. 陈述写信目的;

2. 寻求具体意见;

3. 表示真诚感谢。

注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右;

2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear Jack,

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

【答案】Dear Jack,

How are you recently? I’m going to participate in an English Speech Competition themed My Dream University. Time ticking by, I’m getting increasingly nervous, so I’m writing to ask for your advice.

Knowing that you have taken part in many competitions and have rich experience in delivering public speeches, I’d appreciate it if you could give me some practical suggestions. How can I adjust my mindset, better my contents and hold the attention from audience?

I truly believe that with your help, I’ll have an excellent performance. Thanks a lot from the bottom of my heart. Looking forward to your reply.

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

【解析】

【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假设你是李华，最近你要参加主题为“My Dream University”的英语演讲比赛。你的外国好友Jack经常参加各种大型比赛，比赛经验非常丰富。赛前你向他寻求意见，请给他写一封邮件。

【详解】1.词汇积累

参加：participate in→take part in

流逝：tick by→go by

感激：appreciate→be grateful

改善：better→improve

2.句式拓展

简单句变复合句

原句：Time ticking by, I’m getting increasingly nervous…

拓展句：As time ticks by, I’m getting increasingly nervous...

【点睛】【高分句型1】Knowing that you have taken part in many competitions and have rich experience in delivering public speeches, I’d appreciate it if you could give me some practical suggestions.（运用了现在分词作状语，if引导状语从句）

【高分句型2】I truly believe that with your help, I’ll have an excellent performance.（运用了that引导的宾语从句）

第二节(满分25分)

47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Last winter, Linda went through a very messy divorce and was very depressed. So she quit her job and left Los Angeles, where she encountered her ex-husband in college. She flew to Boston on the east coast of the US. Later, she settled in a new neighborhood in East Boston. However, shortly afterwards, the company where she worked went bankrupt (破产). Suffering a series of bitter blows, she fell ill, a severe case of flu. She had to stay at home for the whole week, feeling extremely bad and hopeless.

Early one morning, Linda lay in bed, feeling painful all over. Then all of a sudden, there was an upsetting knock on her front door. Struggling out of the bed, she dragged herself to the window. There, outside, she saw a young lady carefully holding some leaflets(传单)and a TV set model. She knew of a large TV set establishment nearby and assumed a message was about to be gently delivered. “This is the last thing I need today.” She muttered to herself and hesitantly opened the door.

Coughing bitterly, Linda stuck her head out. “Excuse me, madam…” the young lady said with a smile. “I’m sorry but I am not the slightest bit interested in any TV whatever.” Linda interrupted her impatiently. “As a matter of fact, I am feeling terribly awful.” “Is there anything I can do for you, madam?” the young lady asked with concern. “No thanks, just leave me alone.” Linda then shut the door in her face. The young lady politely turned and left in silence.

注意：

1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右;

2. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。

Paragraph 1:

A few hours later, another knock.

Paragraph 2:

Linda was surprised by this loving action.

【答案】One possible version:

A few hours later, another knock. Linda glanced out of the window. To her surprise, at the door was the same lady, back again. Really annoyed this time, Linda opened the door. Before Linda could utter any word, the young lady handed her a warm pot, with a concerned look on the face. “I’m so sorry to have disturbed you earlier. I thought you may need this homemade chicken soup. Hope it might make you feel a little better. ”

Linda was surprised by this lovely action. After being refused so rudely, the lady still showed much kindness to her. A sense of shame creeping upon her heart, she could only force a smile with burning ears. But also, a warm current surged through her brain and body. Linda took the chicken soup gratefully, tears blurring her eyes and a lump in her throat. The lady wrapped Linda in her arms and patted her on the back. “It’s OK, dear. Everything will be fine.” Hearing these words, Linda felt a ray of bright sunshine lighting up her life.

【解析】

【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了琳达经历了离婚和破产。一天清晨，琳达躺在床上，感到浑身疼痛，被敲门声叫醒。她看到敲门的是一名推销电视的年轻女士，琳达拒绝了推销，年轻的女士礼貌地转过身，沉默地离开了。

【详解】1.段落续写：

①由第一段首句内容“几个小时后，又传来敲门声。”可知，第一段可描写琳达的心情以及年轻女士给琳达带来的惊喜（鸡汤）。

②由第二段首句内容“琳达对这个可爱的举动感到惊讶”可知，第二段可描写琳达的感受以及年轻女士对琳达的安慰。

2.续写线索：生气——惊喜——琳达感受——安慰

3.词汇激活

行为类

①.拒绝：refuse/reject

②.展示：show/express

③.拥抱：hug/wrap

情绪类